Complete Litigation Flow
SIMA Case (Canada Anti-Dumping / Countervailing)
Stage 1 — Complaint Filed
Parties
Plaintiff
Canadian Industry
Defendant
Foreign Exporters / Producers
Authority
Canada Border Services Agency
Legal Situation
Canadian manufacturer CBSA को complaint देता है:
“Foreign exporters goods बहुत सस्ते बेच रहे हैं
जिससे Canadian industry को injury हो रही है।”
Evidence Submitted
Industry देता है:
- domestic price
- export price
- loss of market share
- loss of profit
- injury data
Stage 2 — Investigation Begins
CBSA decide करता है कि complaint sufficient evidence के साथ है।
तब CBSA investigation शुरू करता है।
यह investigation दो चीजें देखती है:
Dumping
Subsidy
Dumping Concept
Example
Home market price = $100
Export price = $70
Dumping margin = $30
Subsidy Concept
यदि foreign government exporter को देती है:
- tax rebate
- cheap loans
- export grants
तो यह countervailable subsidy हो सकती है।
Stage 3 — Preliminary Determination
Authority
Canada Border Services Agency
CBSA preliminary determination करता है:
“Dumping appears to exist.”
Legal Effect
यहाँ से शुरू होता है:
Provisional Duty
यह वही stage है जो D14-1-7 explain करता है।
Provisional Period
Duration:
Maximum 120 days
जब तक tribunal injury decide करे।
Stage 4 — Importer Liability
अब कोई भी importer जो goods import करेगा:
Provisional duty liable होगा
Importer को करना होगा:
duty pay
या
surety bond post
System used:
CARM
Stage 5 — Injury Investigation
Authority
Canadian International Trade Tribunal
Tribunal decide करता है:
क्या dumping से Canadian industry injured हुई है?
Evidence Tribunal देखता है
- production loss
- job loss
- price suppression
- market share loss
- factory closures
Stage 6 — Tribunal Finding
Tribunal दो possible decisions दे सकता है।
Situation A
Injury Found
यदि tribunal injury confirm करता है:
Final Anti-Dumping Duty
अब duty permanent हो सकती है।
Duty Amount
Duty =
Dumping margin
Example
Normal value = $100
Export price = $70
Duty = $30
Situation B
No Injury
यदि tribunal injury reject करता है:
provisional duty cancel
Importer को refund मिलता है।
Stage 7 — Final Assessment
अब CBSA:
final duty assess करता है।
Authority
Canada Border Services Agency
Importer liable रहेगा:
- past imports
- future imports
IRAC Summary
ISSUE
क्या dumped imports Canadian industry को harm कर रहे हैं?
RULE
Law:
Special Import Measures Act (SIMA)
Administrative guidance:
CBSA D-Memos
ANALYSIS
CBSA investigate करता है:
- dumping margin
- subsidy amount
- export pricing
Tribunal evaluate करता है:
- economic injury
CONCLUSION
यदि dumping + injury दोनों prove हो जाएँ:
anti-dumping duty लागू होगी।
Question
Who determines dumping?
Answer
CBSA
Question
Who determines injury?
Answer
Canadian International Trade Tribunal
Question
When does provisional duty begin?
Answer
After CBSA preliminary determination
Real World Example
Canada में ऐसे cases अक्सर आते हैं:
- Chinese steel
- Vietnamese furniture
- Indian chemicals
- Korean pipe
Important Insight
इस पूरे system का purpose है:
unfair trade रोकना
domestic industry protections
fair market competition maintain करना।
Pith and Substance (Legal Philosophy)
इस memorandum का वास्तविक उद्देश्य है:
Canadian industry को dumped imports से temporary protection देना
investigation के दौरान market distortion रोकना
importers को financial responsibility impose करना
Disclaimer
This is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or customs advice. Businesses involved in international trade should consult the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) or a qualified customs broker, barrister, or solicitor for guidance specific to their transactions.